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the water bear

The water bear that survived space and crashed on the Moon

This animal is half a millimetre long and has survived the vacuum of space.

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The real story

Tardigrades were first described in 1773 by a German pastor who called them 'little water bears'. When their home dries out, they push out almost all their water, pull in their legs and become a 'tun', with their metabolism slowed to almost nothing. In 2007 the European FOTON-M3 mission left dried tardigrades exposed to open space for ten days. Back on Earth, many of them were rehydrated and walked away.

They are tough but not invincible. A 2020 study found dried tardigrades die after about an hour at roughly 83 °C. In 2019 the Israeli lander Beresheet crashed on the Moon carrying thousands of them, and in 2021 scientists fired tardigrades out of a gas gun to test it. They survived up to about 900 metres per second, but the lander hit far harder, so they almost certainly didn't make it.

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The facts we checked

  • Tardigrades are about half a millimetre long and live almost everywhere, including in moss
  • When dried out they can survive extreme cold, radiation and, in a 2007 experiment, the vacuum of open space
  • In 2019 an Israeli lunar lander carrying dried tardigrades crash-landed on the Moon; a 2021 impact study concluded they almost certainly did not survive

Sources

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Made by teodolist studio

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